what happened to dutchess and ceaser what happened to dutchess and ceaser

Suzette chimed in with her two cents, claiming that the incident started when Cheyenne refused to wash the dishes. The tattoo boss expressed that he lost more than his partner when the pair broke up, but he lost one of his most trusted confidantes when it came to discussing matters regarding his business. Only referring to Dutchess as "my fiance," Ceaser explained that losing her wasn't necessarily a pivotal moment in his life because the couple broke up, but because he no longer had anyone he. Black Ink Crew star wont return after battling racism and depression. Misogynoir has black people in a chokehold. "We have made the decision to cut ties with Ceaser Emanuel from Black Ink Crew New York," a VH1 rep told TMZ at the time. The couple who got engaged in 2015 apparently broke up this weekend and the news was broken by their VH1 costar Sky. This is my truth of what transpired., Cheyenne also called out Ceasers girlfriend, Suzette, for being with anyone that puts his hands on his daughter the way he did and for arguing back n forth with a 16yr old.. black entertainment news, parenting tips and beauty secrets that are specifically for black women. Today, the Pretty-N-Ink business is still booming, and Lattimore is based in Charlotte, where the shop operates. "He put hands and feet on me!" she screamed. As of writing, Celebrity Net Worth reports that Ceaser has earned a net worth of, Ceasar Emanuel has a reported net worth of. Written By Disha Kandpal The American reality shows Black Ink Crew is one of its kind. "I went through a serious depression. It was shocking to fans when Dutchess Lattimore, one of the stars of the hit TV show Black Ink Crew, widely known for her romantic relationship with charismatic tattoo shop owner David "Ceaser". theshaderoom Verified. These muthafkas was telling me I couldnt go to my own grandma funeral cause I had to film, yall.. Ridiculous. I still dont understand what happened between her and Dutchess. They would call my shop and tell my mother the most heinous things that they were going to do to me if I came back to New York.". He admitted he handled the situation poorly and claimed he has since attended dog school to learn techniques if it happened again. Born and formed in New Orleans, LA, Ashlee is an absolute music junkie and self-proclaimed foodie who loves all things music, entertainment, and culture. Ceaser Sees Dutchess Turning Up In North Carolina On Their Anniversary. And at that point is when I started expanding. After getting caught cheating on Dutchess, Ceaser shows up at her apartment to get his things and is shocked to see the cops there. What Happened To Dutchess Lattimore After She Left Black Ink Crew? T he Roman Republic, despite its success against foreign foes, was besieged by a series of domestic civil wars, and this was the environment in which Caesar rose to . Finally, the artist said shes decided to begin speaking about her experience because the proof is revealing itself.. The "Black Ink Crew" star was later fired from the show. eventAction: 'render' It's not my fault I decided to take my money and use it wisely. MEAWW is an initialism for Media Entertainment Arts WorldWide. Walt denied having anything to do with the break-in but confessed to, Dutchess Lattimore net worth: Dutchess Lattimore is an American tattoo artist and reality television personality who has a net worth of. In an interview with Sister Circle Live, she expressed: "I went through a serious depression. Scrappy & Bambi Make Progress Amid Separation Rumors, Sky Addresses the Current State of Black Ink Crew, Black Ink Crew Will Return Without Ceaser, Teddy Responds After Black Ink Crew Fans Question His Loyalty to Ceaser. Ceaser And Dutchess Of Black Ink Reality Show Argue On Twitter. Days' boys are not twins, which means former cast mate Dutchess Lattimore has been redeemed. How to get help:In the U.S., call the National Domestic Violence Hotline at 1-800-799-7233 or text START to 88788. While watching the proposal, Ceaser says he is thankful the engagement didn't work out, claiming he wasn't using his brain. But my most defining loss of my life I have to say was is when I lost my fiance. When I left the show, I went through therapy, she said. When the news of Dutchess hooking up with Donna went public, it opened up a Pandora's box of potential lies that the tattoo artist told over the years, including one about her sleeping with O'Sh*t. When Cheyenne called her mom crying about what just happened, Crystal said she had no choice but to alert authorities., As for Ceaser, hes been pretty mums-the-word about the incident. Mia Thornton Walks Back Messy Accusations About Karen Huger? Over the years, Black Ink Crew has seen multiple departures, and most were controversial. She suggested as such in the same Instagram post, saying, "Living a public life is one of the most difficult Things. Years later, both Dutchess and Ceaser seemed to have officially laid their relationship demons rest, with Ceaser even admitting toVH1in March 2020that he was in "puppy love sh*t" and reflecting that the relationship was "crazy now that I look back at it." Valentine Low, who first broke the story on bullying allegations against the Duchess . However, the pair called it quits a year later. 61 BCE - Pompeia (dates not known); m. 59 BCE - Calpurnia (b. < Are Ceaser and Dutchess still together? But things came to an abrupt halt before Dutchess moved to her home state of North Carolina, where she now owns a tattoo parlor of her own. For more information, check your local listings. The studio was started in 2013 by Ryan Henry, who according to his website holds the title of Top Tattoo Artist in Chicago. Dutchess was a part of the show for five seasons, right from season 1 leading up to season 5. The boy king was drowned in his own golden armor. But that loss made me who I am right now because I was forced to figure it out. What is Caesar worth? I had two shops at the time, and Im just still trying to figure it out. }) One that stands out is Crystiana Lavielle Lattimore, aka "Dutchess Lattimore," another tattoo artist and former cast member Ceaser dated periodicallyuntil their final split in 2016. And fans have accused him of abusing dogs. Interestingly enough, Ceaser dealt with some serious accusations before the video. The chips have fallen at this point with business and family when it comes to Ceaser. VH1 parted ways with reality TV star Ceaser Emanuel following a video showing him hitting his dog. She accused him of being abusive towards her while they were in a relationship. Born - 12th or 13th July 100 BCE Died - 15th March 44 BCE (Assassinated) Father - Gaius Julius Caesar (140 BCE - 85 BCE) Mother - Aurelia Cotta (120 BCE - 54 BCE) Spouses - m. 84 BCE - Cornelia (97 BCE - 69 BCE); m. 67 BCE, div. If you watched the early seasons of Black Ink Crew, you definitely remember the ups and downs Ceaser and Dutchess went through. Charlotte, North Carolina radio station 92.7 FM announced in 2017 that they were adding Dutchess Lattimore's show Dutchology to their lineup, which includes The Rickey Smiley Morning Show. The series primarily stars Ashley Nicole Bermudez, Ceaser Emanuel, Dutchess Lattimore and Kevin Laroy, per TV Guide and IMDb, but there are many artists and guests who help to flush out the cast.No big changes to the cast have been announced for season 10, but . We reveal the truth after the jump. Five months after rumors first circulated about their alleged split, Alex confirmed the breakup with Donna after nearly five years of dating. If it all happened Ceaser gotta deal with it. While watching the proposal, Ceaser says he is thankful the engagement didnt work out, claiming he wasnt using his brain. As I sit here in tears I'm holding on to love I have for myself cause right now it's really important for me," she captioned a photo on Instagram, adding that she was "trying to find peace, a search like a needle in a haystack. In case you didnt know, Ceasar has been coupled up with a woman named Shes still successfully running her own tattoo shop in North Carolina, Pretty n Ink window.googletag.cmd.push(function() { Ceaser and Dutchess' break up But their relationship got messier over the course of the show's many seasons. What happened with Cesar and his daughter? "Dutchess know d*mn well Idon't got no secret baby on the way in Philly," he posted in an Instagram comment captured byVH1. Since Dutchess was able to open up her own tattoo shop called Pretty N Ink in North Carolina and has had a lot of success with it since leaving the show, hopefully, the two can continue growing in separate ways with their separate businesses. He was a Roman general and dictator who rose to power during the first-century B.C.E. Aptly titled The Tragedy of Julius Caesar . I'm an Artist & I'm sensitive about my itOwner of @pretty_n_ink704 @ambitiousdaydreams & @beatyourselfbeautifulInfo@dutchessofink.com. She currently resides in, When the news of Dutchess hooking up with Donna went public, it opened up a Pandoras box of potential lies that the tattoo artist told over the years, including one about her sleeping with. It all started in 2016, with a tipster telling Fameolous (via BET) that Ceaser Emanuel allegedly cheated on Dutchess Lattimore. In January 2021, Cheyenne alleged on her Instagram Live that the entrepreneur physically assaulted her. From the get-go, fans saw that there was a special connection between Ceaser and Dutchess Latimore. She had already gotten the process started at the time, which included choosing a tattoo parlor location and setting a brand for the shop, which she said she hoped would be different fromBlack Ink Crew's "hangout" feel, as seen in Black Ink Crew clip. a group of Roman senators murdered Julius Caesar as he sat on the podium at a senate meeting. Julius Caesar is often referred to as an emperor, but the truth is he never held that title. Required fields are marked *. And honestly, he got away with a lot of sh*t. And that was just the last straw., Donna also took a moment to defend Cheyenne and ask her followers to have empathy, Yeah, Cheyenne, Crystaland her mom CrystalCrystals one of my good friends. Kim Kardashian Lands Olympic Partnership Deal, Shapewear Line To Be Worn By Team USA Athletes, She Tried It: Inahsi Naturals Aloe Hibiscus Leave-In Conditioner & Detangler, She Tried It: Ivy Park Drip 2 and 2.2 Black Pack, Prioritize Your Skincare With These Tips For Melanin-Rich Complexions, Burts Bees Skincare Works Harder, Not Harsher, 11 Black Celebrities Who Say They're Not African American, 'Bernie Mac Show' Stars Camille Winbush And Dee Dee Davis Get Chewed Out For Joining OnlyFans, 8 Famous Lesbian Women Who Were Married To Men. Aside from Ceaser being read for filth online, VH1 quickly stepped in to deliver the final crushing blow: Ceasar's pink slip. Blaming vh1 for what? At this point, shes growing up into a beautiful young woman but I remember what I was like at 15, 16, 17, 18. Dutchess Lattimore released her first single "Love Me" on all streaming platforms on Oct. 18 and has new music in the works according to posts on her Instagram. I felt so fked up because I literally hadnt gone home in damn near a year. A day after the clip was published, VH1 announced its decision to fire the New York-based artist on social media following 10 seasons and nearly a decade on the franchise. Since next season was close to finishing production, this decision will not impact the upcoming season. So its clear that there wont be any peace made anytime soon between Cease, Kitty, and Ryan. The way black men are coddled even when they are wrong is so disturbing. How thrashing can be prevented with working set model? You got this st,' he said. At that time, Dutchess said that she gave more to Ceaser than she did herself"in the last five years. Ceaser Emanuel is an American tattoo artist who has gained fame from starring in 'Black Ink Crew.' It looks like after that fight, Rob never made another appearance on the show. ", It's possible that in between setting up her own shop, working forBlack Ink, and filming for the show, Dutchess decided she didn't have enough time or energy to devote to a relationship. This has psychologically damaged my child Imagine someone ripping you out of the shower at 16 years old punching and kicking u., Crystal added that she allowed Cheyenne to tell her side of the story on social media because she needed to get it off her chest and closure for 2021. She also admitted that as Cheyennes parents, both she and Ceasar have always disciplined their daughter, but never physically where it has graduated to this point., At the time the incident occurred, Crystal was in New York while Cheyenne was with her dad in Atlanta, Ga. },false) Even though shes mostly stayed out of the limelight since leaving the series back in 2018, in an interview she did on the Talk of the Town Unfiltered podcast late last year, she shared details on just how toxic her experience on Black Ink Crew really was. And Cheyennelike I said, I call her my niece. She calls me auntie and I would never stop talking to her, would never. "Reality TV is meant to diminish mental health not only for the people on the show but for the people that watch the show," she said on 'Talk of the Town Unfiltered'.READ MORE, What happened to Sky Days? }) gads_event = event; Black Ink Crew star Ceaser hasnt had the best luck with women and relationships. A post shared by Dutchess Lattimore (@dutchess_blackink), Read |'Mission: Impossible' Director Thanks Crew After Tom Cruise's Outburst; Fans React. for quite some time. window.googletag.pubads().addEventListener('impressionViewable', function(event) { "If you really love somebody, and you really want to marry them, you don't need somebody else to buy a ring for you.". She's from Decatur, GA. Ceaser is a grown man and should be held accountable for his actions. She told her followers that he attacked her after she didnt wash the dishes in the timeframe she was given. Dutchess hosts a girl's night out and invites Sassy. Fans of the show have been no stranger to the Ceaser's dating history, and while he's had his share of fun as both a single and taken man, there are a few women that have snagged Ceaser's heart more than the rest. Embarking on new journeys and business endeavors, Ceaser employs some close, very. 50: 19 Caesar was the dictator of the Roman Republic, and his assassins were Roman senators, fellow politicians who helped shape Roman policy and government. The show premiered on January 7, 2013, onVH1 and has been running for eight seasons now. I made mistakes and thats what youre supposed to do at that age., She added, Just imagine the people that you loved and cared about that you thought loved and cared about you stopped talking to you because you made a mistake at those ages. The couple have now been together for 9 years, and married for 7 years! She runs the show alongside her tattoo business in North Carolina all while pursuing music. He knows what he has done. However, that didnt last. Im going to see my grandma.'. According to Dutchess, she received a cease and desist letter from the network after her 2017 appearance on the radio showThe Breakfast Club, where she accused the production company of manipulating the final edit. Because I didnt know business, he added. eventAction: 'click_adunit' Ceaser and Suzette began dating around February 2020. Even though she stuck around for a good five seasons, Dutchess noticed a change of direction right after the maiden season ended. Ceaser does not own 9MAG, which has been featured on the spinoff since Season 1. Today, Julius Caesar is remembered for three things: his brilliance as a general, the great political power he wielded, and the grim nature of his assassination at the hands of those who feared him. And then from then, I havent stopped opening up shops. Why is she still on the rape accusation concerning Donna? The show premiered on January 7, 2013, on VH1 and has been running for eight seasons now. Specifically, it had a pirate problem. In fact, on an episode of Black Ink Crew, she revealed the process of finding a location and setting up a tattoo shop in her home state of North Carolina with the financial help of her father, Ricky. ga('ads.send', { He has made his money as a tattoo artist, owner of Black Ink and as a reality TV star. Copyright 2023 Urban Belle Media, LLC. Dutchess was a part of the show for five seasons, right from season 1 leading up to season 5. Interestingly enough, Dutchess also spoke out after Ceaser was fired over the video. eventCategory: event.slot.getSlotElementId(), Every fking episode is fight or fk," she said. The installment gotwatchers invested in Ceaser Emanuel'slatest lady problems, as he navigatedyet another messy breakup, this time with Kit "Miss Kitty" SoVain. No one will ever understand to be woken up at 2a.m from my daughter crying that her father beat her, Crystal wrote on her Instagram Story. Dutchess now runs her tattoo parlor - Pretty-N-Ink - in North Carolina. And Suzette, who happens to be a realtor, has been dating Cease for about 8 months. }); 2nd City Ink owner Charmaine Bey received word that her employees were talking trash behind her back, so she called a team meeting to hash things out. You want $600 wigs but dont want to wash dishes? If Caesar were posthumously declared a traitor, the laws he had enacted would . They put their lock on the bridge to symbolize . She left the show in 2017 but what followed was nothing but a nightmare for her. Notify me of follow-up comments by email. Black Ink Crew: Everything to Know About Ceaser Emanuels Firing. So, what came in between their relationship? ga('ads.send', { document.querySelector("#google_image_div").addEventListener('click',function(){ Back then, she'd just created the brand and wanted it to be about more than just getting a tattoo and specified thatshe didn't want it to be a "hangout" like Black Ink Crew. "Dutchess thinks Ceaser is loyal to her but that n***s got my homegirls in Philly pregnant," the screenshot captured byBossipsaid. He knows what he has done. document.querySelector("#adunit").addEventListener('click',function(){ Reality TV stars Donna Lombardi and Alex Robinson of Black Ink Crew fame began dating in 2017 and were engaged in 2019. As History News Network reports, Caesar was stabbed to death by several members of the Senate in a hall next to Pompey's theater in Rome, on March 15, 44 B.C. Dutchess was a part of the show for five seasons, right from season 1 leading up to season 5. It was shocking to fans when Dutchess Lattimore, one of the stars of the hit TV show Black Ink Crew, widely known for her romantic relationship with charismatic tattoo shop owner David "Ceaser" Emanuel, left the show abruptly in 2017 after being part of the cast for several seasons. Thats why it bummed me out you asked me that question because I really never ever thought about that st until right now because that loss in itself helped propel me to the man I am right now.. Ceaser Emanuel, the head honcho of the Black Ink Crew franchise, is being accused of "stomping out" his 16-year-old daughter, Cheyenne. His daughter hopped on social media and accused him of being violent towards her. During episode one of the Rare Knomads podcast with hosts Jims World, an entertainment personality, and rapper/actor Rap Is A Martial Art earlier this month, Ceaser sat down with the guys to talk about his career and his perspective on failure. ga('ads.send', { Theres a lot of things we didnt grow up knowing like logistics of business and st like that., Ceaser continued, So when she left, I had to start second-guessing everything you feel me? What drove me crazy more than that was the group of white producers that was literally instigating ignorance and negativity trying to make you feel like you really are fkin crazy," she said, adding that they were a "group of racist white individuals" who established a relationship with production houses to "further the propaganda of racism.". I wouldnt even give an example. It was the fact that, knowing when you had somebody who likeJim knows, we from the hood. She just wanted a reason to be out so she can do her.". What happened with Ceasar from Black Ink Crew and his daughter? The two have since cut off all communication. Ceaser Emanuel is an American tattoo artist who has gained fame from starring in 'Black Ink Crew.' Read on to find out are Ceaser and Dutchess still together. Ceaser Emanuel -- the founder of 'Black. Fly, whose real name is Elijah Muhammad-Bey, passed away in Feb. 2021. Ceaser and Dutchess' break up But their relationship got messier over the course of the show's many seasons. "You better know how to love you! It seems that almost every Black Ink Crew: New York employee struggled with staying or leaving the shop at some point. Continuing to discuss how Dutchess leaving affected him as a man, Ceaser mentioned that their split actually gave him the drive to grow his business and take it to the next level. Caesar, on the other hand, was a brilliant Renaissance man 1,500 years before there was a Renaissance. What happened to Cesar and Dutchess? During her time on the show, that pair broke up multiple times until it reached the point where theirbreak up was permanent. Dont respect their mom or dad and want the world.. But they were able to maintain a friendship in spite of ending their romance. The show made its debut on VH1 in 2013, and chronicled the Harlem-based tattoo shop Black Ink, owned by Ceaser Emanuel. }); Over the years, 'Black Ink Crew' has seen multiple departures, and most were controversial. On Sunday (Jan. 3), he posted a meme to social media that read, Sometimes you just gotta stay silent cause no words can explain the s*** thats going on in your mind and heart.. While watching the proposal, Ceaser says he is. Amanda is a TV junkie with a passion for all things reality television. But today, Lattimore is paving a way for her career independently, opening businesses, pursuing music, and working as a media personality in between. Apparently this man was butt-hurt after Dutchess ditched him to date NFL player, Zack Sanchez. This information from a source will shock you. ", There could be an added layer of complication to the already messy split of the couple, one that has to do with finances. Who did Dutchess sleep with? His ex-girlfriend and Black Ink Crew alum Dutchess Lattimore reacted to the situation and called . You want $600 wigs but dont want to wash dishes? Michael Darby Sues Candiace Dillard Bassett over Recent Comments Made on RHOP, Ralph Pittman Files for Divorce + Doesnt Want to Pay Drew Sidora Spousal Support, Basketball Wives Recap: Malaysia Quits the Show + Jennifer Has No Regrets, OG Pens a Post About Karma After Malaysia Pargo Confirms Departure from Basketball Wives. Dutchess gets CIVIL on a new #BlackInkCrew TOMORROW at 8/7c! Ceaser and Dutchess put each other on blast. Save my name, email, and website in this browser for the next time I comment. Another formerBlack Ink Crewstar, Donna Marie Lombardi, also spoke out against his actions. There are records., She was suppose to wash dishes. He the one that did that weird sh*t to them dogs. Therefore, the tattoo shop owner claimed she remained silent.. Dutchess Lattimore net worth: Dutchess Lattimore is an American tattoo artist and reality television personality who has a net worth of $800 thousand dollars. 'Black Ink Crew' star will not return after beating up and wishing death on son Des. 44-31 B.C. The Real Reason Black Ink Crew Stars Ceaser And Dutchess Split. Black Ink Crewkeeps its fans hooked with drama involving relationships, friendships, and lawsuit drama, and boy, Season 8 of theVH1 seriesdid not disappoint. This information from a source will shock youIn the podcast, she shared what got to her and finally led to her exit. reporters on a platform technologically tailored to meet the needs of the modern reader. There was idealism involved: Caesar was turning the Roman republic into a dictatorship and making himself a . She claimed that viewers previously called her a liar, manipulator, and golddigger when she accused her ex-boyfriend of abuse and attempted to expose what he did in the shop., Find out TONIGHT how strong Ceaser and Dutchess relationship really is pic.twitter.com/5x6GoY0Pug. Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, Black Ink Crew is on a brief hiatus. Two years before, Brutus had joined Gaius . We've joined the BHM Digital family of websites and have updated our Terms of Service and Privacy Policy. Read |As Tom Cruise Erupts On Mission Impossible 7's Set Yet Again, 5 Crew Members Quit The Film. He is estimated to have a net worth of $2.5 million. Myth 2: All the conspirators were idealists who wanted to restore Rome to the people. Your email address will not be published. "Cease single now," Sky captioned a video of herself and Teddy Ruks celebrating with Ceasar. Along with exciting developments for Young Bae, the cast of "Black Ink Crew New York" are also bringing fun, new projects to the shop. You know the funny thing is, I never really thought about that st until you really said that st, Ceaser admitted. Even though she had issues with Big Fish Entertainment, she agreed to continue her role in the show only due to contractual obligations. All Rights Reserved. Cease even showed up to the funeral of Kitty's mother. Your email address will not be published. In related news, catch full episodes of 'Black Ink Crew: New York' on VH1 every Monday at 8/7c. Meanwhile,Black Ink Crew is still a successful show and franchise all its own. Donna is bitter. After VH1 announced its decision to part ways with Ceaser Emanuel following a leaked video in June 2022 that showed him hitting his dog, formerBlack Ink Crewstar Dutchess Lattimore went live on Instagram to share her thoughts on the firing. Ceaser Black Ink net worth: Ceaser Black Ink is an American tattoo artist and reality television star who has a net worth of $2.5 million dollars. The reality show proved very successful and resulted in spinoffs Black Ink Crew: Chicago (2015) and Compton (2019). During the conversation, Ceaser mentioned that losing his former fiance, Dutchess Lattimorewas the most defining loss of his life. Case in point: In a 2015 episode ofBlack Ink Crew, when Dutchess was still on the show,she unveiled her plans to break away from the cast and do her own thing. 49: 18 "Sky Code" September 28, 2015 () 2.17: Dutchess and Ceaser discuss the ownership of Black Ink; Quani visits Tamia; distance is hurting Puma's family; O'S**t brings a friend in for a tattoo. It was a recipe for disorder and violence. Shes a child. Notifications can be turned off anytime from browser settings. Caesar was sent there by pretor Marcus Minucius Thermus to obtain the Bithyan fleet to assist in the siege of the city of Mytilene on the island of Lesbos. Asked By : Cindy Riley The couple got engaged back in 2015 but called it quits in 2016 after Ceaser reached his boiling point with Dutchess' negativity, VH1 reports. She discusses topics relating to human interest issues and things happening in her community in North Carolina. As the seasons went on Ceaser had on-camera dalliances with Tatu Baby in Miami, the schoolteacher Crystal in Miami, Kitty, and various other women. !, No one will ever understand to be woken up at 2a.m from my daughter crying that her father beat her,. let gads_event; Although their relationship was rocky, Ceaser once seemed very serious about tying the knot with Dutchess, who accepted his marriage proposal in 2015. window.googletag.pubads().addEventListener('slotOnload', function(event) { Nobody will love you like you. } I tried to kill myself seven times. Kitty also accused those close to Cease of harassing and threatening her as well. if(document.querySelector("#adunit")){ While some fans of the show congratulated the couple on social media, others decided to be critical. }); Dutchess wants Ceaser pay her what he owes her (allegedly) and not (like he forgot like brapp brapp brapp .) },false) While she claims the network didnt want her to acknowledge it, Dutchess says it allowed Ceaser to spread stories about her, including personal ones she claimed led her into a dark period. In a no-holds-barred interview late last year, Dutchess revealed the reasons why she didn't want to give the VH1 show or any other non-scripted series another chance. Caesar weeps when he is presented with Pompey's head. Ceaser, owner and creator of the Black Ink brand, has made the business into a New York hotspot for fresh ink. Copyright 2015 The Mag Theme. The movement of Caesar's army after the Battle of Ilerda.