One of its most notable examples was Holodomor, where Joseph Stalin blamed the shortages of grain on "enemies of the state" who hoarded it. Totalitarianism is a form of autocracy in which the state has total control over its citizens. Keep note that the head of state, chief executive, government, and legislatures can have their official names be seemingly contradictory to this classification. These dictators may view themselves as impartial in their oversight of a country due to their nonpartisan status, and they may view themselves as "guardians of the state". Another controversial dictator is General Augusto Pinochet (1915-2006) of Chile. ( 1, 2, 3) 5 Paul Kagame, the 60-year-old President of Rwanda, has been in power since 1994 when his rebel army ended the genocide which had killed 800,000 people. [102] The stability of the Soviet Union weakened in the 1980s. [14], Unless they have undertaken a self-coup, those seizing power typically have little governmental experience and do not have a detailed policy plan in advance. This is a list of famous examples of fascism across history. [71] The aftermath of World War I resulted in a major shift in European politics, establishing new governments, facilitating internal change in older governments, and redrawing the boundaries between countries, allowing opportunities for these movements to seize power. The government was described as a dictatorship of the proletariat in which power was exercised by soviets. Military dictators may also be less trusting or diplomatic and underestimate the use of bargaining and compromise in politics. Dictatorship Countries And Their Leaders - YouTube Personalistic dictatorships: 4. Latin America experienced a dramatic political change in the last quarter of the twentieth century. The exclave province of Cabinda has borders with the Republic of the Congo and the Democratic Republic of the Congo. [6], The opposition to a dictatorship represents all of the factions that are not part of the dictatorship and anyone that does not support the regime. Dictators are usually backed (especially financially) by groups of powerful people. It was initially aligned with Yugoslavia, but its alignment shifted throughout the Cold War between Yugoslavia, the Soviet Union, and China. Examples of Dictatorship | YourDictionary Mao consolidated his control of the People's Republic of China with the Cultural Revolution in the 1960s, which involved the destruction of all elements of capitalism and traditionalism in China. The name a democracy gives itself or its office does not indicate what type of democracy it is. His economic plans have been praised by leaders like Kemal Pasha. Dictatorships suffer from an obvious and significant imbalance of power. [78], At the same time, nationalist movements grew throughout Europe. [8], Totalitarianism is a variation of dictatorship characterized by the presence of a single political party and more specifically, by a powerful leader who imposes personal and political prominence. In Germany, the head of state is elected by regional legislatures and not popularly elected. Parliamentary democracy is the same as semi-presidential but has heads of state which are not popularly elected for a fixed term, typically either monarchs or officials not chosen by popular elections. Power is enforced through a steadfast collaboration between the government and a highly developed ideology. Chad. What countries are currently ruled by dictatorships? Nazi and fascist regimes in Europe, Communist single-party states, military juntas in Latin America and . [23] Military coups do not necessarily result in military dictatorships, as power may then be passed to an individual or the military may allow democratic elections to take place. [76][77] The Russian Revolution inspired a wave of left-wing revolutionary movements in Europe between 1917 and 1923, but none saw the same level of success. Teodoro Obiang Nguesma Mbasogo overthrew his uncle Macias in 1979 in a bloody coup. Poverty alleviation in these 10 dictatorship countries is in some cases associated with human rights abuses, violent crackdowns on the political opposition and indigenous people. [126] Some of the most ruthless examples of repression in recent history were repression by hunger. Most of them are characterized by a single leader with either no party or one that is weak. They are often unstable, and the average duration of a military dictatorship is only five years, but they are often followed by additional military coups and military dictatorships. Democracies are classified by the rules in which executives can be appointed or removed and can be either presidential, mixed or semi-presidential, or parliamentary. Dictatorships have shallow levels of freedom. Various forms of dictatorship have been a context in which social and behavioral sciences (SBS) have been developing through most of the twentieth century. Uganda - 1971 to 1979 - Idi Amin Dada. While common in the 20th century, the prominence of military dictatorships declined in the 1970s and 1980s. His wealth is estimated to be approximately $600 million. [56] Caesar subverted the tradition of temporary dictatorships when he was made dictator perpetuo, or a dictator for life, which led to the creation of the Roman Empire. Kim Jong-Il (1.6 million deaths) Kim Jong-il in 2010. The chief executive can take many names including chancellor, prime minister, or premier and the heads of the executive departments can bear different names and be called different things. (2010), and further developed and maintained by Cheibub, Gandhi, and Vreeland (2009). [8]:455 Some countries (such as Spain, Belgium, Germany, and Israel) require that the vote of no confidence also specify who is going to replace the sitting government to minimize the time without an interim government, essentially replacing one government with another. Nazi Germany under Adolf Hitler and the Soviet Union under Joseph Stalin were the leading examples of such modern totalitarian . The chief executive must be chosen by popular election or by a body that was itself popularly elected. In practice, it is often defined as people choosing their leaders in free and fair elections. The role of dictator was created for instances when a single leader was needed to command and restore stability. The methodology is derived from the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, regardless of geopolitical, geographic, ethnic or religious considerations. If this institution can be effectively controlled by the dictator, it can become avaluable instruments of control over the population. Democracies can be either parliamentary, semi-presidential, or presidential and dictatorships can be civilian, military, or royal. The dictator maintains control by influencing and appeasing the inner circle while repressing any opposition, which may include rival political parties, armed resistance, or disloyal members of the inner circle. It is bordered by Pakistan in the south and east; Iran in the west; Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan, and Tajikistan in the north; and China in the far northeast. Argentina and Mexico are the countries with Dictatorship as a government form. If you think that today's world is all about democracy, human rights, and freedoms, you live in a total illusion and you should definitely read our list of 15 countries with dictatorships today. [103] Belarus under the rule of Alexander Lukashenko has been described as "the last European dictatorship",[109][110] though the rule of Vladimir Putin in Russia has also been described as a dictatorship. Dictatorships in the Middle East and Northern Africa are either illiberal republics in which a president holds power through unfair elections, or they are absolute monarchies in which power is inherited. Repression can encompass actual or threatened physical violence such as arrests, assassinations, torture, beatings, disappearances, mass killings, and forced exile. While autocratic countries are not always malevolent, they often still encounter resistance from citizens who would prefer to have a greater say in the government's policy-making process. As the dictatorship becomes more established, it moves away from violence by resorting to the use of other coercive measures, such as restricting people's access to information and tracking the political opposition. But for today, these are the world's dictatorships. The country is bordered in the northeast by Tunisia, in the east by Libya, in the west by Morocco, in the southwest by Western Sahara, Mauritania, and Mali, in the southeast by Niger, and in the north by the Mediterranean Sea. In the United Kingdom, for example, the chief executive is the prime minister, and the ministers are the heads of the executive departments, which together compose the government. 3. One of the reasons for this is the fact that the military often has more cohesion and institutional structure than most of the civilian institutions of society. Examples might include King Cyrus the Great of Persia, who is thought to have created the first declaration of human rights, the Biblical King Solomon, Roman Emperor Marcus Aurelius, and Singapore's Prime Minister Lee Kwan Yue. Its territory covers 652,000 km, making it the 41st largest country in the world. In democracies, the threat of a military coup is associated with the period immediately after a democracy's creation but prior to large-scale military reforms. The Deadliest Dictator Regimes In History - WorldAtlas In the former, for example, the President must appoint as Prime Minister the leader of the largest party in parliament, who has three days to gain the confidence of a majority thereof. If you're looking for the names of countries with dictatorship governments then you're in the right place. List of Top 10 Most Brutal Dictators in Modern History - History Lists [97], The Middle East was decolonized during the Cold War, and many nationalist movements gained strength post-independence. The fascist dictatorship of Benito Mussolini in Italy , from 1943 to 1945. This page was last edited on 26 February 2023, at 12:26. [11][12] He describes totalitarian regimes as exercising control over politics and political mobilization rather than merely suppressing it. Below are 10 African country that are still under dictatorship. Dictatorship: Its Types and Reasons | by Old Times - Medium [1]:68 The figures at the left show the results in 1988 and 2008. This was replaced by a trend of developing a positive public image to maintain support among the populace and moderating rhetoric to integrate with the global community. He assumed office in August 1979 and has remained in power since then. [104] A one-party communist dictatorship was formed in Cuba when a US-backed dictatorship was overthrown in the Cuban Revolution, creating the only Soviet-backed dictatorship in the western hemisphere. The predominance of violent force in military training manifests in an acceptance of violence as a political tool and the ability to organize violence on a large scale. The result is that such regimes have no internal checks and balances, and are thus unrestrained when exerting repression on their people, making radical shifts in foreign policy, or starting wars with other countries. [140] Elections are also used to control elites within the dictatorship by requiring them to compete with one another and incentivizing them to build support with the populace, allowing the most popular and most competent elites to be promoted in the regime. A dictatorship is a type of government in which a single personthe dictatoror party has absolute power. Other countries with dictatorships and authoritarian rule, such as Cuba, Syria, Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan, Turkmenistan and Belarus, could also be considered totalitarian governments. The communist and fascist dictatorships that arose in various technologically advanced countries in the first half of the 20th century were distinctively different from the authoritarian regimes of Latin America or the postcolonial dictatorships of Africa and Asia. [1][8]:454 It is important to note that these names do not have to correspond to the official or colloquial titles of any of the countries offices. 10 Worst Dictators In Power Today - WhatCulture.com There are many countries that can be considered dictatorships, including North Korea, Cuba, and Venezuela. Mussolini abolished democracy in Italy in 1922 and became a dictator. In oligarchies, the threat of a military coup comes from the strength of the military weighed against the concessions made to the military. [114] The countries of Central Asia did not liberalize after the fall of the Soviet Union, instead forming as dictatorships led by former elites of the Communist Party and then later by successive dictators. [8]:456. Military dictatorships are more prone to conflict due to the inherent military strength associated with such a regime, and personalist dictatorships are more prone to conflict due to the weaker institutions to check the dictator's power. That said, there are two important differences between dictatorships and autocracies. The Freedom in the World report evaluates the state of freedom in 195 countries and 14 territories, assigning a score between 0 and 4 in a series of 25 indicators to give a final score of 100. Modern Dictatorships Between 1919 and 1939 there was a great reaction against democracy and dictatorship was established in many countries of the world. President Vladimir Putin is currently serving his fourth term as President of Russia. The expected result is to coerce citizens into complying with the dictatorships demands in order to benefit from the state-controlled resources. Leaders of these dictatorships often place those loyal to them in positions of power (qualified or not), and foster cults of personality to sway public opinion to their side. [29][30] The use of ruling parties also provides more legitimacy to its leadership and elites than other forms of dictatorship[31] and facilitates a peaceful transfer of power at the end of a dictator's rule. [126] In particular, censorship by dictatorships helps solidify claims of legitimacy and marginalize the voices of opposition critics. [62][63][64] Maximilien Robespierre has been similarly described as a dictator while he controlled the National Convention in France and carried out the Reign of Terror in 1793 and 1794. A totalitarian government has "total control of mass communications and social and economic organizations". He became the 22nd president of Liberia on August 2, 1997 and served until August 11, 2003. Like right-wing, it is not a copyrighted term. A List of Female Dictators - Daily Kos During his reign of terror, about 30,000 Haitians are estimated to have been assassinated, while thousands - mostly intelligence fled the country. [75] Lenin was followed by Joseph Stalin in 1924, who consolidated total power and implemented totalitarian rule by 1929. Dictatorship - Definition, Examples, Cases, Processes - Legal Dictionary Many of these governments fell under the control of caudillos, or personalist dictators. Dictatorships that fail to repress the opposition are susceptible to collapse through a coup or a revolution. [80] Italian dictator Benito Mussolini seized power in 1922, and began implementing reforms in 1925 to create the first fascist dictatorship. [133] A dictator may negotiate the end of a regime if it has lost legitimacy or if a violent removal seems likely. and "Which country has a dictatorship as its form of leadership?" Single-party dictatorships were most common during the Cold War, with dominant-party dictatorships becoming more common after the fall of the Soviet Union. (2010), Cheibub, Gandhi, and Vreeland developed a six-fold regime classification scheme, resulting what the authors called as the DD datasets. On this Wikipedia the language links are at the top of the page across from the article title.