And the South isnt alone; areas in the Northeast and the Northwest have grown increasingly Democratic. e. degree formal agreement between the U.S. president and the leaders of other nations that does, Which early president, who was initially hostile to the idea of a vigorous central government, concluded the Louisiana Purchase with France, which doubled the size of the United States and opened the continent for American settlement? Final Decisions Reading Room. d. Incumbents only leave office when pressured by party leadership. Lawmaking The primary function of Congress is to pass rules that all Americans must obey, a function called lawmaking. Directlabor:Directmaterial:Quantity,.25hourQuantity,4kilogramsRate,$16perhourPrice,$.80perkilogram\begin{array}{ll} 1999-2023, Rice University. e. Party polarization has increased as bipartisanship has decreased. b. casework d. quickly and conscientiously e. property disputes, Courts provide a statement of the legal reasoning behind their decisions in written __________. organizations seeking federal grants3 or other assistance as casework. CashSuppliesPrepaidInsuranceLandBuildingsEquipmentAccountsPayableUnearnedRentRevenueMortgagePayableCommonStockDividendsRentRevenueSalariesandWagesExpenseUtilitiesExpenseAdvertisingExpenseDebit$24,6004,3005,40040,000132,00036,0005,00053,0009,4003,600$313,300Credit$6,5006,800120,000100,00080,000$313,300. What is meant by advice and consent in relation to the role of Congress? In the Senate, there is only slightly more variation, given the statewide nature of the race, but it is still a very high majority of incumbents who win reelection (Figure 11.9). c. Incumbents have no advantage in reelection. Through which of the following means do you routinely work to keep your job? The slow nature of policy-making in Congress is the result of which of the following? The rules of the House and laws and regulations governing federal executive agency activities, however, closely limit interventions made on the behalf of constituents. Incumbents are elected officials who currently hold an office. a. original jurisdiction helping individual members of their constituency What is hyperpartisanship? are not subject to the Creative Commons license and may not be reproduced without the prior and express written As the parties have pulled apart ideologically, they also have become more _________ internally. He was handsome, popular with talk show hosts and powerful insiders, an impressive campaign fundraiser and speaker, and apparently destined to become Speaker of the House when the current speaker stepped down. The mighty list of federal projects grants, and contracts available to cities, businesses, colleges, and institutions available in a congressional district. This type of committee specifies when each bill will be debated, how long it will be debated for, and how it can be amended. Often, they will publicize their casework on their websites or, in some cases, create television advertisements that boast of their helpfulness. If you are redistributing all or part of this book in a print format, d. Senate Judiciary Committee The same terminology was applied to . Match personnel, infrastructure, and funding to current missions, future missions, and population demand. Congressional committees are areas of __________ that allow members to develop the expertise to handle complex issues. c. Creation of majority-minority districts was ruled unconstitutional by the Supreme Court. Answer the following questions in light of what you have learned about thinking, problem solving, creativity, and language: He proposed that the reason was a surge in political stimulation during presidential elections, which contributes to greater turnout and brings in voters who are ordinarily less interested in politics. a. b. four a. making treaties a. Incumbents have a significant reelection advantage. These voters, Campbell argued, tend to favor the party holding the presidency. But the McCain-Feingold bill greatly limited this type of fundraising. e. They limited the number of terms a president can serve. What type of congressional committees are usually temporary committees created to conduct special studies or investigations? What happened? Before proceeding, turn back to the prologue about master chess-players Stockfish and the more sophisticated AlphaZero. Out of these, the cookies that are categorized as necessary are stored on your browser as they are essential for the working of basic functionalities of the website. The government shut down because each party wanted to take credit for addressing the ensuing crisis. e. pamphlets, Which of the following is an opinion written by a justice in the majority that outlines additional considerations he or she thinks are important? In contrast, midterm elections witness the opposite effect. a. Why did the government shut down in 2013? helping individual members of their constituency, when party victory is the most important goals of members of Congress. e. vice president, __________ committees are usually temporary committees are created by congressional leaders to resolve matters that Standing committee cannot or do not wish to handle Residents of Mill River have fond memories of ice skating at a local park. d. The conflict is a by-product solely of divided government. Congressional Budget Office Over the past three decades, the distance between the political parties in Congress has been growing steadily. OCIA is the Department of Labor's liaison to Members of Congress (MOCs) as well as state and local government officials and entities. a. one The cookie is set by GDPR cookie consent to record the user consent for the cookies in the category "Functional". a. as an advisor in the policy-making process a. amicus curiae The candidates themselves and the important local issues, apart from party affiliation, were important drivers in congressional elections. Congressional Research Service __________ is a good example of Congressional casework. The African American Struggle for Equality, Civil Rights for Indigenous Groups: Native Americans, Alaskans, and Hawaiians, Toward Collective Action: Mediating Institutions, Divided Government and Partisan Polarization, Collective Action and Interest Group Formation, Interest Groups as Political Participation, Free Speech and the Regulation of Interest Groups, Delivering Collective Action: Formal Institutions, The Design and Evolution of the Presidency, Presidential Governance: Direct Presidential Action, Guardians of the Constitution and Individual Rights, Judicial Decision-Making and Implementation by the Supreme Court, Bureaucracy and the Evolution of Public Administration, Understanding Bureaucracies and their Types, Institutional Relations in Foreign Policy, The most expensive House race in 2020 was that of House minority whip Steve Scalise, who ran unopposed. b. delegate model of representation Activities of members of Congress that help constituents as individuals; cutting through bureaucratic red tape to get people what they think they have the right to get. Examples of these types are listed below: Casework: Activities of members of congress that help constituents as individuals; cutting through bureaucratic red tape to get people what they think they have a right to get. a. Chishom v. Georgia \text{Advertising Expense}&\underline{\text{\hspace{16pt}3,600}}&\underline{\text{\hspace{38pt}}}\\ What best represents the trend of party polarization over the last three decades? \text{ Direct labor: } & \text{ Direct material: } \\ In the wake of the Citizens United decision, a new type of advocacy group emerged, the super PAC. Mail: U.S. Customs and Border Protection, Office of Congressional Affairs, 1300 Pennsylvania Ave NW, Suite 5.4A, Washington, DC 20229. a. e. Temporal, What best explains the overwhelming advantage incumbents possess in seeking reelection over opposition candidates? Also, unlike members of the House who can seek the narrower interests of their district, senators must maintain a broader appeal in order to earn a majority of the votes across their entire state. Senate members tend to be wealthier than their House counterparts. b. judicial review ), The mortgage interest rate is 6% per year. What is the typical trajectory of a bill in the House of Representatives? Very few challengers have any experience with elections. Members of Congress are generally __________ than the general population. b. punishment Casework Assistance Typically, casework involves individuals, groups with a common concern, or small businesses, and can include a problem, grievance, question of eligibility, need, or other tangible interest or benefit to these groups. c. George Washington {x+3yz=0x2y+z=8x6y+2z=6\left\{\begin{array}{l}x+3 y-z=0 \\ x-2 y+z=8 \\ x-6 y+2 z=6\end{array}\right. What occurs at a congressional party conference? What is casework What purpose does it serve quizlet? Rather, he may have learned to play it too well. Which example best demonstrates a legislator acting as a trustee of his or her constituency? Which of the following activities would be a good example of congressional casework? Using the budget for the current month and the variance report, construct the items below. $71.8312.44. The Senate must approve certain executive appointments. To insulate one house of Congress from popular pressures and make it a seat of deliberation and reflection, the framers of the Constitution set the terms of the members of the Senate at __________. The bill must be reintroduced in the next session of Congress. c. Hispanics We discussed language, describing the components of grammar and tracing language development in children. create new laws to help Congress carry out its powers Congress uses its oversight authority to do which of the following? Debate can be stopped by invoking __________, which requires a vote by at least __________ senators. Raise and provide public money and oversee its proper expenditure. In this section, we will explore why constitutional rules affect the elections for the two types of representatives and the reason the two bodies function differently by design. Incumbents have a huge advantage in reelection. c. military tribunals a. representing groups that provide subsistence for their campaign coffers and not for their policy preferences Which of the following is an example of the coattail effect? They are highly regulated in regard to the amount of money they can take in and spend, but super PACs arent bound by these regulations. Burris paid Senger for the merchandise on May 2. a. Representatives serve two-year terms, whereas senators serve six-year terms. Creative Commons Attribution License Most bills die in committee because they lack support among members. Residents of the 6th Congressional District of Alabama can contact us for assistance in dealing with Federal agencies. The Houses version was much bolder and larger in terms of establishing a national health care system. He feels that if the market is good he can sell 500 copies of the deluxe version at $100\$ 100$100 each. b. colloquium d. 35; 14. Imagine a bill is referred to the House Committee on Agriculture, the standing committee for agricultural issues. d. name recognition, access to media, and franking privilege a. - A member of Congress develops particular expertise on education policy. The general trend in the relationship between Congress and the states has been one in which congressional power has __________. Among other things, it created the Federal Election Commission (FEC), required candidates to disclose where their money was coming from and where they were spending it, limited individual contributions, and provided for public financing of presidential campaigns. Without enough senators to vote to stop debate, a speaking senator may talk the bill to death in the process of __________. a. give members lifetime appointments e. legislative, Once appellate decisions are published, they become __________ that guide the decisions of other judges in the same circuit. Earmarks are derogatorily referred to as 'pork barrel projects' by those who are against such projects. d. precedent Congressional Membership AnswerLesson 1 Congressional Membership Guided Reading Activity Answer Key I. d. hearings, To increase turnover in the membership of Congress, some reformers have proposed __________ for representatives and senators. Office of Management and Budget Congressional Democrats and Republicans could not agree on a budget. Political parties in general prefer to support incumbents in elections, because the general consensus is that incumbents are better candidates, and their record of success lends support to this conclusion. What is one of the reasons that power and responsibility of the presidency has grown since the early presidency? b. six d. laws (Use Accounts Receivable. a liberal, Jewish member of Congress representing a predominantly Jewish district. b. Summary. | Direct materials price variance | $\33$ Unfavorable | Which of the following is an advantage congressional incumbents posses in seeking reelection over challengers? b. lawmaking \end{array} All that the accountant remembers is that actual production was 220 stands and that all materials purchased were used in production. c. is trusted because he or she is a native of his or her home district Except where otherwise noted, textbooks on this site a. The following information is also available: c. decentralized Journalize Paramount Co.s entries to record (a) the purchase. What form of legislature resulted from the compromises that occurred during the 1787 constitutional convention? If the market is not good, he will sell only 400 copies at $70\$ 70$70 each. c. capias Which of the following statements about residential patterns in the United States is most accurate? b. majority whip It is more descriptively representative of African Americans than the House. d. The more contemporary presidents exercise their powers less as a legislator than earlier Register to vote at Vote.gov. What are the fiscal and monetary policies during the Great Recession of 2008? b. Stressing policy positions can make enemies as well as friends. By clicking Accept All, you consent to the use of ALL the cookies. d. women. c. impeachment Both chambers in Congress are responsible for all of the following EXCEPT _____. Defense department The principal leader of the minority party in the House of Representatives or in the Senate. If you are a challenger running against an incumbent, what are some strategies you could use to make the race competitive? satisfying constituents and supporting party positions. casework. It does not store any personal data. - monitor the executive branch for abuses of power. d. opinions Place the following Congressional groups in order from most liberal to most conservative. "police patrol" oversight The House of Representatives goes through _____ to determine the number of seats a state gets, and _____ determines district boundaries of equal population within states. Annual depreciation is $6,600 on buildings and$4,000 on equipment. Introduction to American Politics Chapter 13, Introduction to American Politics Chapter 14, PS 101- Chapter 12, The Presidency- INQUIZITI, Science ~ Cells and Organelles Study Guide, chapter 6 gaining an understanding of the cli. d. $1 billion, How are Senate committee chairs generally selected? approval of treaties c. The president must inform Congress of actions potentially leading to war. d. florid Congress members do casework, which means, they troubleshoot for people from their home district or state who request help in dealing with the federal government. The Center for Responsive Politics reports donation amounts that are required by law to be disclosed to the Federal Elections Commission. Congress can override the veto to make a bill a law. Use left-to-right elimination to solve the system of equations. b. en banc Were the winds of change blowing for incumbents? However, overall, the lions share of direct campaign contributions in congressional elections comes from individual donors, who are less influential than the political action committees (PACs) that contribute the remainder.13. An accountant for Anton just completed the variance report for the current month. What is an example of casework by a member of Congress? d. Each congressional party has become more homogeneous, and the distance between parties has increased. e. Incumbents only leave office when they choose. What will occur there? However, oversight, which dates to the earliest days of the Republic, also occurs in a wide variety of congressional . the constitution. a. conscience model of representation Conference It had never been a problem before the mid-1990s, when a number of very imaginative political operatives developed a great many ways to spend this money. This suggests a failure of __________. a. recess d. Standing These cookies ensure basic functionalities and security features of the website, anonymously. The ______ makes the laws and the ______ interprets them. Congressional elections may be increasingly driven by national issues. e. Ways and Means Committee, Bicameralism conformed to the framers' belief that the legislative branchthe center of policymaking for governmentought to be a place where the public's business is deliberated __________. A simple rule for picking committee chairs, in effect until the 1970s. a. James Polk a. libertarian d. Speaker Constituents routinely reach out to their congressperson for powerful support to solve complex problems, such as applying for and tracking federal benefits or resolving immigration and citizenship challenges.21 Incumbent members of Congress have paid staff, influence, and access to specialized information that can help their constituents in ways other persons cannot. Cabinet. The OpenStax name, OpenStax logo, OpenStax book covers, OpenStax CNX name, and OpenStax CNX logo c. chief legislator d. according to tact and decorum, The Constitution specifies that members of the House must be at least __________ years old and American citizens for at least _________ years. We recommend using a c. franking privileges The S&P 500 futures contract has a multiplier of$250. The Cabinet has more access to the president than the White House staff. | Direct materials: Wood | | d. to serve as president of the Senate, What is substantive representation? c. Modern presidents are much more influential in the legislative process than the Framers The Senate has the flexibility to allow these passions to cool. Wars typically have the power to nationalize local elections. More than half of all roll call votes in Congress divide the parties today. a. to look after the "Good and the Welfare of We the People" Declare war. d. The pork barrel, A committee created to reconcile differences in versions of a bill passed by the House and Senate is called a(n) __________ committee. b. carefully and slowly Dozens of major initiatives were passed by the House and had a willing president, for example, only to be defeated in the Senate. c. 30; 9 d. Speaker of the House - Two members of Congress support each other's legislation. This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. That said, while the political parties themselves to a degree control and regulate the primaries, popular individual candidates and challengers sometimes rule the day. c. life Unlimited debate in the Senate to prevent a vote is known as _____. d. Race is a significant factor in drawing the lines of majority-minority districts. In 1960, political scientist Angus Campbell proposed the surge-and-decline theory to explain these patterns.22 Campbell noticed that since the Civil War, with the exception of 1934, the presidents party has consistently lost seats in Congress during the midterm elections. \textbf{August 31, 2014} d. select/special d. the states At the same time, several limits on campaign contributions have been upheld by the courts and remain in place. Individuals may contribute up to $2900 per candidate per election. In the decades since Campbells influential theory was published, a number of studies have challenged his conclusions. a. briefs c. opinions a. b. conference b. commissioning officers e. quickly and efficiently, Packing and cracking both draw district lines to the favor of the majority party, and thus, are two types of __________. e. presents the views of his or her most trusted constituents, The true leader of the Senate is the __________, elected by the majority party. What makes the Iraq War different is that the overwhelming majority of voters had little to no intimate connection with the conflict and were motivated to vote for those who would end it. If the market is not good, he will sell only 300 at $90\$ 90$90 each. Since the 1970s, partisanship has steadily __________ in Congress, due in part to __________. c. Senators are better educated than their House counterparts. a. attorney general a. acts independently, trusting his or her own judgment of how to best serve the public interest Why do members of Congress think casework is important? Why are the factors of production important? f(-2); f(-2.01) As the parties have pulled apart ideologically, they also have become more _________ internally. For example, the House _____, whereas the Senate _____. Ways and means c. to create an elite national leader removed from the direct control of citizens An artist has captured the experience in a drawing and is hoping to reproduce it and sell framed copies to current and former residents. The parties have become less polarized because more and more voters are opting to become independents. Members of the House are apportioned to states based on _________. a. $$ What best represents the trend of party polarization over the last three decades? For example, in 1986, the costs of running a successful House and Senate campaign were $849,111 and $7,243,782, respectively, in 2020 dollars. "Pork" legislation may aid the district of a member of Congress by __________. What is congressional casework quizlet? e. to create a plural executive with both symbolic and legislative responsibilities, Which word best describes the language used by the Framers to describe the office of the president? In a congressional office, the term casework refers to the response or services that Members of Congress provide to constituents who request assistance. Which type of committee is composed of members from both houses of Congress? $23 million d. impeachment c. granting pardons However, it did not stand a chance in the Senate, where a more moderate version of the legislation was introduced. performance of the economy, the costs of proposed policies, and the economic effects of taxing and spending alternatives. Senger Company sold merchandise of $15,500, terms 2/10, n/30, to Burris Inc. on April 23. Justices in the majority argued that the BCRA violated a corporations free-speech rights.15. Why does omnibus legislation require alternatives to the committee system? Incumbents attract more money because people want to give to a winner. (a) Journalize the adjusting entries on August 31 for the 3-month period June 1August 31. a. equal representation by state; four What can be inferred from the current demographic composition of the Senate? \text{ Direct material: } & \$ 170,100 \text{ for 210,000 kilograms } And congresspersons are hardly reticent about their efforts to support their constituents. | | **Current Month: Budgeted Amounts** | d. politico model of representation Congressional oversight refers to the review, monitoring, and supervision of federal agencies, programs, activities, and policy implementation. Most are composed of members from both parties and from both houses. d. The Cabinet is less democratic and less accountable than the White House staff. They contact their congressman's office, which in turn contacts the . Paramount Co. returned$12,000 of the merchandise, receiving a credit memo, and then paid the amount due within the discount period. Between 1946 and 2012, only 5 percent of incumbent senators and 2 percent of House incumbents lost their party primaries.19 In 2014, Cantor was one of four House incumbents who did so, while no incumbent senators suffered defeat. 3 Which task is an example of casework quizlet? e. as presiding officer of the Senate. d. nine d. Rules Committee These cookies will be stored in your browser only with your consent. Freedom of Information Act. a. Necessary cookies are absolutely essential for the website to function properly. b. Senate Nominations Committee d. nine a. caucus Analyses of the stunning defeat quickly showed there were more chinks in Cantors polished armor than most wanted to admit. a. Voters in large numbers were motivated by the political and economic disaster of the war to vote for politicians they believed would end it (Figure 11.10). When it comes time to vote, name recognition is one of the primary benefits of incumbency, especially in more obscure races. A. artesian wells B. high islands C. atolls D. seamounts. Related Links. The cookie is set by the GDPR Cookie Consent plugin and is used to store whether or not user has consented to the use of cookies. c. whip c. the ability to persuade members of Congress and the American public requires approval by both houses of Congress